Updated March 17, 2023
Introduction to Matrix Multiplication in C Programming
In article C Programming Matrix Multiplication a matrix is a grid that is used to store data in a structured format. It is often used with a table, where the data is represented in horizontal rows and vertical columns. Matrices are often used in programming languages and are used to represent the data in a graphical structure. In programming if the user wants to multiply, add, subtract and divide two matrices, then the order of the matrix should be declared first. Once the order of the matrix is declared for the first and second matrix, then the elements (input) for the matrices are needed to be entered by the user. If the order of the matrix is not proportionate to each other, then the error message will be displayed which is implanted by a programmer in the condition statement. If a matrix contains only one row then it is called a row vector, and if it contains only one column then it is called a column vector.
A matrix that contains the same number of rows and columns then it is called a square matrix. Matrix is used to store a group of related data. Some of the programming languages are used to support matrices as a data type that offers more flexibility than a static array. Instead of storing the values in a matrix, it can be stored as an individual variable, a program can access and perform operations on the data more efficiently. In C programming matrix multiplications are done by using arrays, functions, pointers. Therefore we are going to discuss an algorithm for Matrix multiplication along with the flowchart, which can be used to write programming code for 3×3 matrix multiplication in a high-level language. This detailed explanation will help you to analyze the working mechanism of matrix multiplication and will help to understand how to write code.
Algorithm of C Programming Matrix Multiplication
Below are the steps:
Step 1: Start the Program.
Step 2: Enter the row and column of the first (a) matrix.
Step 3: Enter the row and column of the second (b) matrix.
Step 4: Enter the elements of the first (a) matrix.
Step 5: Enter the elements of the second (b) matrix.
Step 6: Print the elements of the first (a) matrix in matrix form.
Step 7: Print the elements of the second (b) matrix in matrix form.
Step 8: Set a loop up to row.
Step 9: Set an inner loop up to the column.
Step 10: Set another inner loop up to the column.
Step 11: Multiply the first (a) and second (b) matrix and store the element in the third matrix (c)
Step 12: Print the final matrix.
Step 13: Stop the Program.
Flow Chart of Matrix Multiplication
Example of C Programming Matrix Multiplication
C program performs matrix multiplication, let us look at a few examples.
Code:
#include <stdio.h>
void main()
{
int a[25][25],b[25][25],c[25][25],i,j,k,r,s;
int m,n;
printf("Enter the first matrix\n");
scanf("%d%d",&m,&n);
printf("Enter the second matrix\n");
scanf("%d%d",&r,&s);
if(m!=r)
printf("\n The matrix cannot multiplied");
else
{
printf("\n Enter the elements of first matrix ");
for(i= 0;i<m;i++)
{
for(j=0;j<n;j++)
scanf("\t%d",&a[i][j]);
}
printf("\n Enetr the elements of second matrix ");
for(i=0;i<m;i++)
{
for(j=0;j<n;j++)
scanf("\t%d",&b[i][j]);
}
printf("\n The element of first matrix is");
for(i=0;i<m;i++)
{
printf("\n");
for(j=0;j<n;j++)
printf("\t%d",a[i][j]);
}
printf("\n The element of second matrix is");
for(i=0;i<m;i++)
{
printf("\n");
for(j=0;j<n;j++)
printf("\t%d",b[i][j]);
}
for(i=0;i<m;i++)
{
printf("\n");
for(j=0;j<n;j++)
{
c[i][j]=0;
for(k=0;k<m;k++)
c[i][j]=c[i][j]+a[i][k]*b[k][j];
}
}
}
printf("\n Multiplication of two matrix is");
for(i=0;i<m;i++)
{
printf("\n");
for(j=0;j<n;j++)
printf("\t%d",c[i][j]);
}
}Output:
Working of C Programming Matrix Multiplication
- In the above program, we have initialized the variables and arrays inside the main method in integer (int) data type.
- After the initialization part, we are getting the order of the matrix from the user for the first matrix, then simultaneously the user has to declare the order of the second matrix.
- Once the order of matrices is declared then the condition part will execute, the program will continue to run only if the order satisfies the condition or else the program will be terminated or stopped at that part itself.
- Once the condition is satisfied, the user has to enter the matrix elements as inputs during run time.
- As per the user input matrix multiplication is calculated.
- The above matrix program is simple and can calculate update 25×25, so we can simply edit in the array to the required numbers.
Advantages of C Programming Matrix Multiplication
- C programming language supports matrix as a data type and offers more flexibility. And also it consumes less memory while processing.
- By storing values in a matrix rather than as individual variables, C program can access and perform operations on the data more efficiently.
- It is easier to extract information about object rotation, and also easy to manipulate in the C program.
Conclusion
Matrix multiplication is repeatedly used in programs to represents a graphical data structure, which is used to store multiple vectors and also it is used in many applications like solving linear equations and more. Lots of research has been done on multiplying matrices using a minimum number of operations.
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