Introduction to Arduino Sensors
An open-source platform based on electronics built with easy to use and replace hardware where Arduino boards read the inputs with the help of sensors and display the output by activating the motor with the help of software incorporated in the sensors where the user can write and use the code to upload it in the physical board and it runs on the system with the help of IDE are called Arduino sensors.
List of Arduino Sensors
List of Arduino sensors is given below:
1. Flame IR Sensors
This sensor is used to detect the spectral radiation of burning and water is produced as the result of burning and can be detected within the range of IR spectrum. Any organic substances burning can also be detected with the help of flame IR sensors. The flame is detected for two infrared frequencies and charge coupled device is used to analyze the fire. These sensors are also called visual flame detectors. The presence of heat is detected from the flame and an alarm is triggered.
2. Photoresistor Sensor
A light-sensitive sensor that helps in determining the presence of light in the device is called a photoresistor sensor. It also measures the light intensity and is called a light dependent resistor. The sensitivity of the resistors varies depending on the wavelength of the light being detected on the device. The principle of photoconductivity is used in the sensor and the resistance of the sensor decreases with increasing light intensity in the device. Analog input is fed into the Arduino board and results are fetched from the sensors.
3. Soil Moisture Sensor
Dielectric permittivity is measured with the help of capacitance in the medium. When we consider the soil, it has water content and dielectric permittivity is measured in the soil so that a voltage is created which is proportional to the permittivity of the water and this detects whether water is present in the soil. Hence, moisture in the soil can be verified. This sensor has to be inserted into the soil and the water content is reported in percentage level in the sensor.
4. Speed Sensor
It is the sensor used to measure the speed of the vehicle based on the wheel rotation of the vehicle. The speed of the drive wheels is detected and this information is sent to the engine control unit and the speed is managed so that the vehicle is running efficiently. Magnetic rotation speed is measured in the device and voltage is produced where this is applicable in the automotive and aeronautical engineering sectors. Both rotational and actual speed of the vehicle is measured with the help of speed sensors.
5. Microphone Sensor
The sound signal is detected and converted into an electric signal with the help of microphone sensors. The plate is vibrated when the sound wave is detected and the distance between the moving plates is changed which helps to notice the changes in the capacitance. These changes are converted into electric signals. Rather than detecting the sound, the sensor is used to detect the intensity of the sound produced. Processing these sounds will produce the digital signals needed for the device and hence the system produces the output.
6. Passive Buzzer Sensor
The sound is detected in the microphones and this sound is adjusted with the help of a potentiometer. A setpoint is provided in the potentiometer and when the sound exceeds the limit of the setpoint, an output is sent to the Arduino board and displayed on the screen. Sounds can be created with the help of tone and frequency and duration for hearing the tones can be set in the device. An amplifier is needed by the buzzer to reproduce the sound it heard and to manipulate the same.
7. Digital Thermal Sensor
A simple circuit is used to read the temperature in the device and to give the output. Several devices are connected on a single bus and the result can be updated using a single pin in the Arduino board. The digital thermal sensor is based on a single wired sensor and the output produced is linearly proportional to the voltage of the centigrade temperature. The voltage across diode terminals helps to produce the output voltage in the sensor as voltage and temperature are directly proportional in the system.
8. MQ-2 Gas Sensor
The electrochemical principle is working in the gas sensor. The resistance of the sensor changes for the concentration of various gases being detected by the sensor. A voltage divider circuit is formed with the help of variable resistors and this is used to detect the sensitivity of the device. The response time is faster and it has a high sensitivity to the devices. Analog resistance is produced by the device as the output.
9. SW-20 Motion Sensor
This uses infrared light to detect the motion in the device and this results in the light sensor output in the Arduino board. Alarms are set for the device and the output signal pin is connected to the digital pin of the motion sensor to know the changes in the sensors. Two potentiometers are used in the device to set the time and sense the changes. They are sensitivity adjustment and time delay adjustment. The user can make the sensor either more sensitive or not sensitive at all.
10. Rotary Encoder Sensor
Also called a shaft sensor, this helps to convert the angular position of the shaft into electrical outputs on the device. Absolute and incremental encoders are used in the device to set the signals. Both analog or digital signals can be produced as an output on the device. The users can club this sensor with other devices to improve the functionality of the devices.
Different types of sensors help to improve the applications of other devices in the electronics sector and hence processing speed and functionality can be improved. Rainwater alarm and door alarm are some examples of sensors that can be used in daily lives. Also, distance measurement and home appliances control can be done with the help of Arduino sensors.
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