Updated April 5, 2023
Introduction to Encapsulation in OOPs
- Encapsulation is an essential part of the object-oriented programming language to operate data.
- It helps to combine code and data in one unit and protect the coding data.
- It is an important function in OOP language to hide coding data and object behaviors.
- It is a basic concept of the object-oriented programming language to hide important methods, variables, and coding procedures for safety and security.
- It is also a mechanism to wrap or hide variables, methods, and objects.
- The object-oriented programming languages include part to safety and privacy of the data using method.
- The wrapping data and operating methods are in one container and shown as per the user’s requirement.
Syntax:
- It requires a private access modifier for the variable.
- To OOPs programming language may access private variable or object using the method.
- The getter and setter method uses to access and display data.
The following syntax is of a private variable.
private data_type variable_name;Example: private int numbers;
- Syntax of getter method.
public data_type getMethodName(){
return variable_name;
}Example:
public int getNumbers(){
return numbers;
}- Syntax of setter method.
public void setMethodName(){
return variable_name;
}Example:
public void setNumbers (int newNumbers){
numbers = newNumbers;
}- The access variable data in syntax is below.
Object.setMethod("data");Example:
object_name.setNumbers(123221);- The retrieved data from the encapsulation method is below.
Object.getMethod()Example:
object_name.getNumbers()How does Encapsulation work in OOPs?
- It works on every object-oriented programming language.
- You can use C, C#, PHP, java, and python language.
- Here, you use the Java programming language .
- Create a class in a java file.
Public class Encapsulationoop{
Write code here…
}- Create a private variable for encapsulation.
private int numbers;- Use the getter and setter method for the respective variable.
public int getNumbers(){
return numbers;
}
public void setNumbers (int newNumbers){
numbers = newNumbers;
}- Create the main method in the java class.
public static void main(String []args){
Write code here…
}- Create an object of the class in the main method.
Encapsulationoop encap = new Encapsulationoop();- Access the private data.
encap.setNumbers(123221);- Retrieve encapsulated data using the print function.
System.out.println(encap.getNumbers());- Combine steps of the working procedure of the encapsulation.
Public class Encapsulationoop{
private int numbers;
public int getNumbers(){
return numbers;
}
public void setNumbers (int newNumbers){
numbers = newNumbers;
}
public static void main(String []args){
Encapsulationoop encap = new Encapsulationoop();
encap.setNumbers(123221);
System.out.println(encap.getNumbers());
}}Examples
Here are the following examples mention below
Example #1
The basic example and output below.
Code:
public class Encapsulationoop{
private int numbers;
public int getNumbers(){
return numbers;
}
public void setNumbers (int newNumbers){
numbers = newNumbers;
}
public static void main (String [] args){
Encapsulationoop encap = new Encapsulationoop();
System.out.println("Encapsulation in OOPs");
encap.setNumbers (123221);
System.out.println ("number:" +encap.getNumbers());
}}Output:
Example #2
Java example and output below.
Code:
public class Encapsulationoop{
private int numbers;
private String names;
private double points;
public int getNumbers(){
return numbers;
}
public void setNumbers (int newNumbers){
numbers = newNumbers;
}
public String getNames(){
return names;
}
public void setNames (String newNames){
names = newNames;
}
public double getPoints(){
return points;
}
public void setPoints (double newPoints){
points = newPoints;
}
public static void main (String []args){
Encapsulationoop encap = new Encapsulationoop();
encap.setNumbers (123221);
System.out.println ("number:" +encap.getNumbers());
encap.setNames ( "encapsualtion in OOPs");
System.out.println ("string:" +encap.getNames ());
encap.setPoints (23.12);
System.out.println ("float:" +encap.getPoints());
}}Description
- The above example shows encapsulation in a java programming language.
- The getter and setter method uses for the protection of the data and variables.
- The get and set keyword helps to access and retrieve an object, variable, and method.
Output
Example #3
PHP example and output below.
Code:
<!DOCTYPE>
<html>
<body>
<?php
class Encapsulationoop {
private $numbers;
private $names;
private $points;
public function getNumbers() {
return $this -> numbers;
}
public function setNumbers($numbers) {
$this->numbers = $numbers;
echo("numbers: ".$numbers);
echo("<br>");
}
public function getNames() {
return $this -> names;
}
public function setNames($names) {
$this -> names = $names;
echo("names: ".$names);
echo("<br>");
}
public function getPoints() {
return $this -> points;
}
public function setPoints($points) {
$this -> points = $points;
echo("points: ".$points);
echo("<br>");
}
}
$ecap = new Encapsulationoop();
$ecap -> setNumbers(12343221);
$ecap -> setNames("encapsulation in OOPs");
$ecap -> setPoints(23.41);
?>
</body>
</html>Description
- The above example shows in the PHP programming language.
- The getter and setter method uses for the protection of the data and variables.
- The get and set keyword helps to access and retrieve an object, variable, and method.
- The PHP does not need to assign a particular data type for a variable.
Output:
Example #4
C++ example and output below.
Code:
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
class Encapsulationoop
{
private:
int numbers;
int marks;
public:
void set(int number)
{
numbers = number;
}
int get()
{
return numbers;
}
};
int main()
{
Encapsulationoop ecap;
ecap.set(123221);
cout << "encpsulation in oop \n";
cout << ecap.get();
return 0;
}Description
- The above example shows encapsulation in the C++ programming language.
- The getter and setter method uses for the protection of the data and variables.
- The get and set keyword helps to access and retrieve an object, variable, and method.
Output:
Example #5
The encapsulation in python example and output below.
Code:
class Encap:
def __init__(self):
self._first = 12453221
class Dev(Encap):
def __init__(self):
Encap.__init__(self)
print(" Encapsulation in OOPs ")
print(self._first)
encap1 = Dev()
encap2 = Encap()
print(encap2.first)Output:
Description
- The above example shows encapsulation in a python programming language.
- The base and derived classes help to protect the object, variable, and method.
- The “_first” variable helps to protect and access data in the program.
Conclusion
- It is a function of hiding data, methods, and variables for safety.
- The encapsulation is structure to wrap different methods, objects, and variables in a single wrapping unit.
- It helps to protect data from unwanted users and displays required data.
- It creates a protected, safe, and user-friendly web application for every user.
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