Updated March 13, 2023
Introduction to IIR Filter Matlab
IIR filter is a type of digital filter used in DSP (Digital Signal Processing) applications; it is an abbreviation for “Infinite Impulse Response.” For the IIR filter, the response is “infinite” as there is feedback in this type of filter. For example, if we put an impulse, i.e. a single sample “1”, followed by several “0” samples, then we will get an infinite number of non-zero values. In this topic, we are going to learn about IIR Filter Matlab.
The advantage of IIR filters is that they can achieve the required filtering characteristics while utilizing lesser memory & performing fewer calculations as compared to a similar ‘Finite Impulse Response filter.
In MATLAB, we can design various IIF filters like Butterworth, Chebyshev, and Bessel.
Syntax of IIR Filter Matlab
The syntax for creating different types of IIR filters
- [y, x] = butter(n, F)
- [y, x] = cheby1(n, Fp, Rp)
- [y, x] = besself(n, Fa)
Description:
- [y, x] = butter(n, F) is used to return the transfer function coefficients for an nth-order digital Butterworth filter. This is a lowpass filter with a normalized cut off frequency of F
- [y, x] = cheby1(n, Rp, Fp) is used to return the transfer function coefficients for an nth-order digital Chebyshev I filter. This is a lowpass filter with a normalized passband edge frequency ‘Fp’& peak to peak passband ripple ‘Rp.’
- [y, x] = besself(n, Fa) is used to return the transfer function coefficients for the nth-order analog Bessel filter. This is a lowpass filter with ‘Fa’ as angular frequency. This is the frequency till which the group delay of the Bessel filter is almost constant.
Examples of IIR Filter Matlab
Let us now understand the code for creating different types of IIR filters in MATLAB.
Example #1
In this example, we will create a Low pass Butterworth filter:
For our first example, we will follow the following steps:
- Initialize the cut off frequency
- Initialize the sampling frequency
- For this example, we will create a Low pass Butterworth filter of order 5
- Next, we will use the filter created in the above steps to filter a random signal of 3000 samples
Code:
F = 400
Fs = 1000
[y, x] = butter(5, F/(Fs/2))
inputSignal = randn(3000, 1);
outSignal = filter(y, x, inputSignal);
plot(outSignal)
Input:
F = 400
Fs = 1000
[y, x] = butter(5, F/(Fs/2))
inputSignal = randn(3000, 1);
outSignal = filter(y, x, inputSignal);
plot(outSignal)
Output:
As we can see in the output, using a low pass Butterworth filter, which is a type of IIR filter, we can filter the signal of 3000 random samples.
Example #2
In this example, we will create a Low pass Chebyshev filter (Type 1):
For this example, we will follow the following steps:
- Initialize the passband ripple
- Initialize the passband edge frequency
- For this example, we will create a Low pass Chebyshev filter of order 4
- Next, we will use the filter created in the above steps to filter a random signal of 3000 samples
Code:
n = 4
Rp = 20
Fp = 0.3
[y, x] = cheby1(n, Rp, Fp);
inputSignal = randn(3000, 1);
outSignal = filter(y, x, inputSignal);
plot(outSignal)
Input:
n = 4
Rp = 20
Fp = 0.3
[y, x] = cheby1(n, Rp, Fp);
inputSignal = randn(3000, 1);
outSignal = filter(y, x, inputSignal);
plot(outSignal)
Output:
As we can see in the output, using a low pass Chebyshev filter, which is a type of IIR filter, we can filter the signal of 3000 random samples.
Example #3
In this example, we will create a Low pass Bessel filter.
For this example, we will follow the following steps:
- Initialize the order of the Bessel filter
- Initialize the constant group delay
- Next, we will plot the transfer function coefficients for the filter created in the above steps.
Code:
n = 4
Fa = 100000
[y, x] = besself(n, Fa);
freqs(y, x)
Input:
n = 4
Fa = 100000
[y, x] = besself(n, Fa);
freqs(y, x)
Output:
As we can see in the output, we have obtained the magnitude and phase response for the Bessel filter, which is a type of IIR filter.
Conclusion
- IIR filters provide infinite impulse response and are used to achieve the required filtering characteristic while utilizing lesser memory & performing fewer calculations
- Butterworth, Chebyshev, Bessel are some types of IIR filter
- In MATLAB, we can use commands like ‘butter’, ‘cheby1’, ‘besself’ to design different types of IIR filters
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This is a guide to IIR Filter Matlab. Here we discuss the Examples of IIR Filter Matlab along with the codes and outputs. You may also have a look at the following articles to learn more –