Updated March 28, 2023
Introduction to Spring Boot Test
Spring boot test will provide us many annotation and utility which was supporting to test our application. Basically, it will provide by using two methods, first is the auto-configure (spring-boot-test-autoconfigure) and the second is the spring boot test (spring-boo-test). Spring boot test (spring-boo-test) method contains the core items and the auto-configure (spring-boot-test-autoconfigure) method supports the test of auto-configuration while using spring boot test auto-configure (spring-boot-test-autoconfigure) method it will import the both modules. Basically, application context is defined as spring boot applications,, it provides the spring boot test (@SpringBootTest) annotation.
What is Spring Boot Test?
We can test our spring boot application by using an annotation name as @SpringBootTest, basically, it is providing a very efficient way to start our application context which we are using in a project. A unit testing using spring boot will cover the single unit where the unit is nothing but the one class it is also a cohesive class cluster. Integration testing covering the following points. Integration testing tests multiple units. It will interact between two or multiple cohesive classes of the cluster.
Integration testing covering the more layers. We can say that this could be the first case specialization and it was covering the interaction between the layer of persistence and the business layer. Integration testing uses it will be covering the application whole path. Using this test, we are sending a request to the application, after sending the request we are checking for the correct response. We have using the @SpringBootTest annotation to create the application context by using it.
We are using the following libraries with the spring boot starter test (spring-boot-starter-test).
- JsonPath: This is nothing but the Xpath of JSON.
- JSONassert: This is nothing but the assertion library used for JSON.
- Mockito: This is a java mocking framework.
- JUnit: This is a de-facto standard which was used for unit testing in java applications.
- Spring boot test and spring test: This is the utilities which were used in spring boot applications.
- AssertJ: This is nothing but an assertion fluent library which was used in spring boot applications.
- Hamcrest: This is nothing but a library of the matching object which was used in spring boot applications.
We can test our application using unit testing, using unit by unit or we can test the whole application in one go. Annotations are used to load all the application contexts of spring. As compared test slice annotation will only load the beans which were required for the particular layer.
We can use the following annotation with the project as follows:
- SpringBootTest
- WebMvcTest
- WebFluxTest
- DataJpaTest
- DataJdbcTest
Web MVC context annotation is used to set up our application context using specified components. Web flux test annotation is used to test the web flux controllers, this annotation is similar to the web MVC test. Only the difference in both annotations is configuration and annotation. Data JPA test annotation is used to test the layer of persistence. This annotation is used to configure the repositories, set up an embedded database. The spring data JDBC is another annotation of it. If we are using the java project and testing the persistence layer same time we can use DataJdbcTest annotation.
Below are the dependencies which are used to test the spring boot application in java as follows:
- Spring boot starter test: This is the method which was used to test the java application.
- Junit version: This is a library and its version was used to test the java application.
Project Setup
Given below are the steps which were used to set up the java project.
1. Add the maven dependencies
The first step is containing to add the dependency of maven in the current project.
Code:
<dependency> -- start of dependency section.
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> -- Start and end of groupid section.
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId> -- Start and end of artifactid section.
<scope>springboottest</scope> -- -- Start and end of scope section.
<version>2.5.0</version> -- -- Start and end of version section.
</dependency> -- end of dependency section.
<dependency> -- start of dependency section.
<groupId>com.springboottest</groupId> -- -- Start and end of groupid section.
<artifactId>boottest</artifactId> -- -- Start and end of artifactid section.
<scope>springtest</scope> -- -- Start and end of scope section.
</dependency> -- end of dependency section.Output:
2. Add JUnit library
After adding the maven dependency, we are adding the JUnit library in our project.
Code:
<dependency> -- start of dependency section.
<groupId>org.junit.vintage</groupId> -- -- Start and end of groupId section.
<artifactId>junit-vintage-engine</artifactId> -- -- Start and end of artifactid section.
<scope>springtest</scope> -- -- Start and end of scope section.
<exclusion>
<groupId>org.hamcrest</groupId> -- -- Start and end of groupId section.
<artifactId>hamcrest-core</artifactId> -- -- Start and end of artifactid section.
</exclusion>
</dependency> -- end of dependency section.Output:
3. Integration testing with @SpringBootTest annotation
In the below example, we are checking how to test the application using @SpringBootTest annotation.
Code:
@SpringBootApplication -- Spring boot application annotation.
@RunWith(SpringRunner.class) -- Run with annotation.
@SpringBootTest(
SpringBootTest.WebEnvironment.MOCK,
classes = Application.class)
@AutoConfigureMockMvc – Auto configure mockmvc annotation.
@TestPropertySource ( -- test property service annotation.
locations = "classpath:application-integrationtest.properties") -- Class path location.
public static void main /* Main method used with string arguments*/ (String[] args) {
SpringApplication.run (SpringboottestApplication.class, args);
}
public class SpringboottestApplication { -- class name as SpringboottestApplication
@Autowired -- Auto wired annotation
private MockMvc mock; -- Object creation of MockMvc method.
@Autowired -- Auto wired annotation
private EmployeeRepository repository; -- Object creation of EmployeeRepository.
}Output:
4. Application testing with @MockBean annotation
In the below example, we are checking how to test the application using @MockBean annotation.
Code:
public class SpringboottestApplication implements Springboottest { /* class name as SpringboottestApplication */
@Autowired -- Auto wired annotation
private SpringBootRepository SpringRepository;
@Override -- override annotation
public Springboot getSpringbootByapp(String app_name) {
return SpringRepository.findByName (app_name);
}
}Output:
Recommended Articles
This is a guide to Spring Boot Test. Here we discuss the introduction and project setup – spring boot test for better understanding. You may also have a look at the following articles to learn more –
