Updated June 20, 2023
Introduction to Strong Number in C
In C programming language, a number is said to be a strong number when the factorial of the individual number sums to the actual number. Strong Numbers are the numbers whose sum of the factorial of digits is equal to the original number.
Example:
- Take one input as 145.
- Find the sum of individual digits with its factorials 1! + 4! + 5! [Factorial plays an important role as output must compute the product of the number].
- The computed value should be the same as the original number.
- Output, in this case, is the same as 145 thus it results that it is a correct input as a strong number in C.
Logic Behind Strong Number in C
The logic behind defining and describing Strong Number remains same as explained in the introduction or definition of Strong Number in C. Say, someone, take a number in a manner that sum of individual number contributes to give a number which is the original number then it will not be considered as a Strong Number. That assumption and logic are totally wrong. Therefore, actual computation of Strong Number includes or considers factorial as a major logic flow beside it. Both the sum and factorial of individual number should define the Strong number.
There are some logical steps to be followed which are as follows:
1. Take input from a user to verify for a strong number. Assign a variable to say x to the number. Copy it to a temp variable for any further manipulation say it is assigned as y = x.
2. Consider and initialize another variable to store the sum of all individual digits as sum=0.
3. Search and get the last digit of the entire number y [temporary variable]. Assign the result to a new variable, say z = y % 10.
4. Then, calculate the factorial of the last digit of the number. Store that factorial in a variable, say I which is a variable to store the result of the factorial of the numbers.
5. Add that final factorial to the variable of the sum which is initially 0 as sum = sum + i
6. Remove the last number which says x i.e. a temp variable.
7. Till y becomes more than 0 i.e. y>0 repeats all the steps from 3 to 6.
8. If sum becomes equal to the original or actual number after applying looping check condition in the strong number. Then any given number is considered as Strong otherwise it is not a strong number.
9. Further examples will clarify the actual and crux logic behind the Strong Number. That misconception of adhering only to the individual number sum or product won’t be enough. From this, a fact can be concluded that both sums of the individual number and product i.e. factorial of the individual digits contribute a lot for enhancing the entire logic behind strong Number in C.
How to Check Strong Number in C Using Various Methods?
Various Methods to check whether a number is a strong number or not are as follows:
Example #1 – Using Functions
Code:
#include<stdio.h>
int fact (int val)
{
int a, b = 1;
for (a = 1; a <= val; a++)
{
b = b * a;
}
return b;
}
int main ()
{
int n, count, final_result, rem, sum = 0, tmp;
printf ("Enter a Number:\t");
scanf ("%d", &n);
tmp = n;
for (tmp = n; n > 0; n = n / 10)
{
count = 1, final_result = 1;
rem = n % 10;
final_result = fact(rem);
sum = sum + final_result;
}
if (sum == tmp)
{
printf ("%d is a Strong Integer\n\n", tmp);
}
else
{
printf ("%d is Not a Strong Integer\n\n", tmp);
}
return 0;
}Output:
Example #2 – Using for Loop
Code:
#include <stdio.h>
#include<stdio.h>
int main ()
{
int n, cnt, fact, rem, sum = 0, tmp;
printf ("Enter a Number:\t");
scanf ("%d", &n);
for (tmp = n; n > 0; n = n / 10)
{
fact = 1;
rem = n % 10;
for (cnt = 1; cnt <= rem; cnt++)
{
fact = fact * cnt;
}
sum = sum + fact;
}
if (sum == tmp)
{
printf ("%d a Strong Integer \n\n", tmp);
}
else
{
printf ("%d Not a Strong Integer \n\n", tmp);
}
return 0;
}Output:
Example #3 – Using While Loop
Code:
#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
int main ()
{
int n, cnt, fact, rem, sum = 0, tmp;
printf ("Enter a Number:\t");
scanf ("%d", &n);
tmp = n;
while(n)
{
cnt = 1, fact = 1;
rem = n % 10;
while (cnt <= rem)
{
fact = fact * cnt;
cnt++;
}
sum = sum + fact;
n = n / 10;
}
if (sum == tmp)
{
printf ("%d is a Strong Integer\n\n", tmp);
}
else
{
printf ("%d is Not a Strong Integer\n\n", tmp);
}
return 0;
}Output:
Example #4
To find a strong number between any given range.
Code:
#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
int main ()
{
int a, z, i, n, j, fact, sum;
printf ("Enter the range a and z Values (a<z): ");
scanf ("%d %d", &a, &z);
printf ("Strong numbers are:\n");
for (i=a; i<=z; i++)
{
n = i;
sum = 0;
while(n!=0)
{
fact=1;
for (j=1; j<=(n%10); j++)
{
fact *= j;
}
sum += fact;
n /= 10;
}
if(sum==i)
printf ("%d\n", i);
}
return 0;
}Output:
Example #5
To find strong Numbers between 1 to n or below n.
Code:
#include <stdio.h>
#include <conio.h>
int main ()
{
int k, l, current, lastDigit, tend;
long long fact, sum;
printf ("Enter upper limit: ");
scanf ("%d", &tend);
printf ("All Strong numbers between 1 to %d are:\n", tend);
for (k=1; k<=tend; k++)
{
current = k;
sum = 0;
while (current > 0)
{
fact = 1ll;
lastDigit = current % 10;
for (l=1; l<=lastDigit; l++)
{
fact = fact * l;
}
sum += fact;
current /= 10;
}
if(sum == k)
{
printf ("%d, ", k);
}
}
return 0;
}Output:
Conclusion
From all the above examples and scenarios, it can be easily concluded that strong numbers must have both computations of sum and factorial mandatorily then only it will result in the original or actual number i.e. a strong number.
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