Updated April 5, 2023

Introduction to Struts Interview Questions

Part 1 – Struts Interview Questions (Basic)

This first part covers basic interview questions and answers:

Q1. What are the Struts Framework’s components?

Answer:
Struts is a Web Application Development Framework that provides a suitable framework for web application development.

The components of the Struts framework are as follows:

Servlets in Java
JSP (Java Server Pages) (Java Server Pages)
Custom Tags
Message Resources

Q2. In MVC-based applications, what is the function of a handler?

Answer:
Handlers, which are connected to the model layer of the MVC architecture, are responsible for transferring requests to appropriate models. For request transfer, handlers use mapping information from configuration files.

Q3. What are the benefits of using Struts?

Answer:
Because Struts is built on the MVC architecture (Model, View, Controller), it divides Business Logic, Design, and Controller, making the code simpler, more maintainable, and understandable.

Q4. What are the most essential Struts Application classes?

Answer:
The most important classes of the Struts Application are mentioned below.

Action Servlet: The controller class, is in charge of all incoming requests.
Action Class: The Action class is where all of the business logic, also known as a Model, is built.
Action Form: An Action Form is a Java bean that combines one or more Action Mappings. It keeps track of a web application’s session state.
Action Mapping: We can use Action Mapping to map the relationship between an object and an action.
The action Forward: It is used to send the result from the Controller to the target.

Q5. What are the two kinds of validations that Validator FrameWork supports?

Answer:
Validator Framework is used to validate form data. There are two types of validations available in this framework:

Validation of the user’s browser’s client-side
server-side Validation

Q6. What really is MVC?

Answer:
MVC stands for Model, View, and Controller, and it’s also known as the Software Design Pattern for web development.

Model: The model is in charge of managing the application’s state of data and business logic.
View: View is in charge of displaying all data for use, i.e. it displays the presentation.
Controller: The controller serves as a link between the View and the Model. It intercepts all requests, that is it receives input and commands from the user and instructs the Model/View to update accordingly

Q7. What are Interceptors and how do they work?

Answer:
Interceptors are the objects which provide pre-processing logic before action is called post-processing logic after the action has been called. Validations, file uploading, displaying intermediate results, exception handling, and other functions can all be done with interceptors.

Q8. What are the Interceptor’s Life Cycle methods?

Answer:
The Interceptor has three different life cycle approaches, as listed below.

init() method
destroy() method
intercept() method

Q9. In Struts, which configuration files are used?

Answer:
The configuration files used by Struts are as follows:

ApplicationResource.properties.
Struts-config.xml.

Q10. List the 5 constants of the Action interface

Answer:

SUCCESS
ERROR
INPUT
LOGIN
NONE

Part 2 – Struts Interview Questions (Advanced)

Let us now have a look at the advanced interview questions:

Q11. What are the processes in installing Struts?

Answer:
All we have to do to use the Struts framework is add the Struts.Jar file to our development environment. We may use the framework and construct Strut-based applications after the jar file is in the CLASSPATH.

Q12. In Struts, what Validate() and Reset() functions used for?

Answer:
The Validate() method is executed before the Form Bean is sent to the action to validate the properties after they have been populated. It gives you a list of action errors.

Syntax of Validate() is as follows:

Public ActionErrors Validate (ActionMapping mapping, HttpServletRequest request)

Before the new values are set, the Reset() method is used to reset all of the ActionForm’s data. With each request that uses a defined action form, the struts framework calls it.

Syntax of Reset () is as follows:

public void reset ((ActionMapping mapping, HttpServletRequest request)

Q13. In Struts, what are the different types of Tag Libraries?

Answer:
To make software development easier, Struts includes a number of tag libraries.

Bean Tag Library: This library is used to access Java Beans and their properties.
The Nested Tag Library: This allows you to use nested beans in your application.
Logic Tag Library: Provides the appropriate output, as well as iteration and flow management.
HTML Tag Library: Assists in obtaining the desired HTML output.
Tiles Tag Library: Used in tile-based applications.

Q14. What is the purpose of the params interceptor?

Answer:
All parameters on the ValueStack are set by the params interceptor which is also called parameters.

Q15. What is the purpose of the execAndWait interceptor?

Answer:
The execAndWait interceptor which is also called as ExecuteAndWait is used to show interim or wait for results.

Q16. How can we get access to Java beans and their properties in Struts?

Answer:
Bean Tag Library is a Struts library for interacting with Java beans.

Q17. In Struts, what configuration file is used to store JSP configuration information?

Answer:
The Web.xml file is used for JSP configuration details.

Q18. What is the best way to handle exceptions in Struts?

Answer:
Exceptions in Struts can be handled in two ways, as shown below.

Programmatic Exceptions Handling: To handle the exception, we can utilize the Try {} Catch {} block.
Declarative Exception Handling: In struts-config.xml, we can define global exception handling tags or exception handling tags within tags.

Q19. What are various bundled validators?