Updated November 21, 2023
Best Tourist Attractions of Syria in the World
Syria, known as the Syrian Arab Republic, is a Middle Eastern country located in the center of the Levant area. It shares its borders with Lebanon, Israel, Jordan, Iraq, and Turkey. The country boasts a varied terrain that includes fertile plains and deserts. Its rich history spans millennia and has been shaped by numerous civilizations, which have left their indelible mark on the country’s identity.
History
- Ancient Civilization: Syria is home to some of the world’s oldest inhabited cities, such as Damascus and Aleppo. It was a cradle of civilization, witnessing the rise and fall of powerful empires like the Assyrians, Babylonians, Persians, Greeks, and Romans.
- Islamic Caliphates: After the advent of Islam, Syria became a prominent center of the Islamic world under various caliphates, including the Umayyad Caliphate, with Damascus as its capital.
- Colonial Rule: The region endured periods of Ottoman rule until the early 20th century when it came under French mandate after World War I.
- Independence and Conflicts: Syria gained independence in 1946 but faced political instability. It has been embroiled in various conflicts, including the Arab-Israeli conflict, internal political struggles, and the ongoing Syrian Civil War since 2011.
Culture
- Diversity: Syria’s culture is a mosaic of diverse influences from ancient civilizations, Islam, Christianity, and other minority communities like the Druze and Kurds.
- Art and Architecture: The country boasts a rich architectural heritage, including ancient ruins like Palmyra and Bosra, stunning mosques like the Umayyad Mosque in Damascus, and traditional houses with ornate designs.
- Cuisine: Syrian cuisine is flavorful and diverse, featuring dishes like kebabs, kibbeh, falafel, and a variety of mezze (small dishes).
- Traditions and Festivals: Various cultural festivals celebrate music, dance, and local traditions, like the Aleppo International Music Festival and the Damascus Opera House events.
- Hospitality: Syrians are known for their warm hospitality, often welcoming guests with great generosity and kindness.
Languages
- Arabic: Arabic is the official language of Syria. While similar to standard Arabic, Syrian Arabic has its own dialects and local variations.
- Kurdish: Kurdish is spoken by the Kurdish minority in some regions.
- Armenian, Turkmen, and others: There are also smaller communities speaking Armenian, Turkmen, Circassian, and other languages, reflecting the country’s diverse cultural tapestry.
Historical Sites
Syria Historical Gems: Top 7 Must-Visit Tourist Attractions and Sites.
1. Palmyra (Tadmor)
Palmyra, known as Tadmor, is an ancient city in Syria’s desert. Renowned for its well-preserved ruins, Palmyra was a crucial center of trade and culture along the Silk Road. The city peaked during the Roman era and was known for its unique blend of Roman, Persian, and local influences.
How to Reach
By Air: The nearest major airport is Palmyra Airport. However, it’s advisable to check for the latest travel advisories and available routes due to the current situation.
By Road: Palmyra is accessible by road, and bus services may operate from nearby cities. It’s recommended to check local transportation options and road conditions before planning your journey.
Things to Do
- Visit the Temple of Bel: Explore the grand Temple of Bel, dedicated to the Semitic god Bel. Admire the intricate architectural details and historical significance.
- Explore the Arch of Triumph: Walk through the Arch of Triumph, an iconic structure marking the entrance to the ancient city.
- Wander the Colonnaded Street: Stroll along the mile-long colonnaded street, surrounded by well-preserved columns, and immerse yourself in the historical ambiance.
- Visit the Palmyra Museum: Learn more about the history of Palmyra by visiting the on-site museum, which houses artifacts and exhibits.
Best Time to Visit
The best time to visit Palmyra is spring (March to May) and fall (September to November) when temperatures are moderate. Summers can be extremely hot, and winters might be chilly. Consider the current weather conditions and any travel advisories when planning your visit.
2. Krak des Chevaliers
Krak des Chevaliers, also known as Qal’at al-Hosn, is a remarkable Crusader castle situated in western Syria. Dating back to the 11th century, it is one of the world’s best-preserved and most formidable medieval castles. Originally built by the Knights Hospitaller, the castle served as a strategic military fortress during the Crusades.
How to Reach
By Road: Krak des Chevaliers is accessible by car. It is located near Homs, and visitors can take a road trip or hire a local driver to reach the castle.
Things to Do
- Explore the Fortress: Wander through the castle’s well-preserved fortifications, towers, and courtyards. Take in the impressive medieval architecture.
- Enjoy Panoramic Views: Climb to the top of the castle to enjoy panoramic views of the surrounding landscape. The strategic location offers breathtaking vistas.
- Visit the Inner Chambers: Explore the castle’s inner chambers, halls, and living quarters. Learn about the daily life of the knights who once occupied the fortress.
- Photography: Capture the stunning architectural details, the castle’s commanding presence, and the picturesque surroundings. The castle is particularly photogenic.
Best Time to Visit
The best time to visit Krak des Chevaliers is spring (March to May) and fall (September to November) when the weather is mild and suitable for exploring outdoor attractions. Summers can be hot, and winters may bring cooler temperatures.
3. Qal’at Salah El-Din (Saladin’s Castle)
Qal’at Salah El-Din, commonly known as Saladin’s Castle, is a historic fortress situated on a high ridge in the mountainous region of western Syria. Named after the renowned Muslim military leader Saladin, the castle played a strategic role during the Crusades and stands as a symbol of resistance and military prowess.
How to Reach
By Road: The castle is accessible by road. Visitors can travel by car or take local transportation to reach the site. It’s recommended to check road conditions and transportation options before planning your journey.
Things to Do
- Explore the Fortress: Wander through the well-preserved fortress, including its towers, walls, and inner chambers. Gain insights into the strategic significance of the castle.
- Learn About Saladin’s Legacy: Explore the historical context of Saladin’s Castle. Saladin was an acclaimed military leader who was crucial in the Crusades.
- Take in the Scenic Views: You can take picturesque views of the surrounding landscapes. The strategic location of the castle provides breathtaking scenery that you can enjoy.
- Photography: Capture the architectural details and scenic vistas, as the castle offers excellent opportunities for photography.
Best Time to Visit
The best time to visit Qal’at Salah El-Din is during the spring (March to May) and fall (September to November), when the weather is mild and suitable for exploring outdoor attractions. Summers can be hot, and winters may bring cooler temperatures.
4. Bosra
Bosra, also spelled Bostra, is an ancient city located in the southern part of Syria. Recognized for its well-preserved Roman theater and archaeological ruins, Bosra boasts a rich history dating back to the Nabataean and Roman periods.
Because of its cultural significance, the city was designated a UNESCO World Heritage Site.
How to Reach
By Road: Bosra is accessible by road. Visitors can travel by car, bus, or taxi from nearby cities. It’s advisable to check road conditions and transportation options before planning your journey.
Things to Do
- Explore the Roman Theater: Experience the ancient world at the Roman Theater, one of the best-preserved amphitheaters. Marvel at its architectural grandeur and imagine the performances that once took place here.
- Wander Through the Ancient Ruins: Stroll through the archaeological site, exploring ancient streets, arches, and remnants of structures that offer glimpses into Bosra’s historical significance.
- Visit the Cathedral of Bosra: Explore the Cathedral of Bosra, an ancient Christian basilica dating back to the 6th century. Admire its architecture and historical importance.
- See the Mosaics: Discover the intricate mosaics that decorate some of the ancient buildings in Bosra, showcasing the craftsmanship of the past.
Best Time to Visit
The best time to visit Bosra is during the spring (March to May) or fall (September to November) due to mild weather, suitable for outdoor exploration. Summers can be hot, while winters may bring cooler temperatures.
5. Al Azem Palace
Al Azem Palace, located in the heart of the Old City of Damascus, is a magnificent example of traditional Damascene architecture from the Ottoman period. Built in the mid-18th century, the palace served as the residence for the governor of Damascus, As’ad Pasha al-Azem. The palace is renowned for its stunning courtyard, intricate wooden carvings, and luxurious interiors.
How to Reach
By Road: The Old City of Damascus is accessible by road. Taxis and public transportation are available for travel within the city.
Things to Do
- Explore the Courtyard: Stroll through the central courtyard, adorned with an exquisite fountain and surrounded by ornate arches and wooden screens.
- Admire the Architecture: Marvel at the intricate details of Damascene architecture, including the wooden mashrabiya (lattice) work, painted ceilings, and colorful tiles.
- Visit the Reception Halls: Explore the various reception halls, each showcasing different aspects of traditional Syrian design and craftsmanship.
- Learn about Damascene Life: Visit the museum within the palace, which provides insights into the lifestyle and culture of Damascenes during the Ottoman era.
Best Time to Visit
The best time to visit Al Azem Palace is during the spring (March to May) and fall (September to November), when the weather is mild and suitable for exploring outdoor attractions. Summers can be hot, and winters may bring cooler temperatures.
6. Umayyad Mosque in Damascus
The Umayyad Mosque, also known as the Great Mosque of Damascus, is one of the oldest and holiest mosques globally. Located in the heart of the Old City of Damascus, it has a rich history dating back to the Umayyad Caliphate in the 8th century. The mosque is regarded as a work of art in Islamic architecture and holds cultural and religious significance.
How to Reach
By Air: The nearest major airport is Damascus International Airport. You can reach the Old City by taxi or other local transportation.
By Road: The Old City of Damascus is accessible by road. Taxis and public transportation are available for travel within the city.
Things to Do
- Marvel at the Architecture: Admire the architectural beauty of the Umayyad Mosque, characterized by intricate mosaics, towering minarets, and a large courtyard.
- Visit the Shrine of John the Baptist: Explore the inner sanctuaries of the mosque, including the shrine said to contain the head of John the Baptist.
- Experience the Spiritual Atmosphere: Witness the spiritual atmosphere as locals and visitors pray and contemplate within the mosque’s expansive courtyard.
- Explore the Courtyard: Take a leisurely stroll through the vast courtyard, surrounded by arcades and historic structures, creating a serene and peaceful ambiance.
Best Time to Visit
The Umayyad Mosque can be visited throughout the year. However, the spring (March to May) and fall (September to November) seasons provide more comfortable weather for exploration. Be mindful of local prayer times and any specific visiting hours for non-Muslims.
7. Citadel of Aleppo
The Citadel of Aleppo, situated in the heart of the historic city of Aleppo, is one of Syria’s most iconic and historically significant landmarks. With a history spanning over a millennium, the citadel has been a witness to various civilizations, including the Greeks, Romans, Byzantines, and Arabs. It is a testament to the city’s strategic importance and architectural prowess.
How to Reach
By Air: Aleppo International Airport serves as the main airport in Aleppo. You can reach the city center by taxi or local airport transportation.
By Road: Aleppo is well-connected by road. Buses and taxis are available for travel within the city, and the Citadel is a central landmark easily accessible by car.
Things to Do
- Explore the Citadel Grounds: Wander through the expansive grounds of the Citadel, surrounded by imposing walls and towers. Take in the panoramic views of Aleppo.
- Visit the Museum: Explore the museum within the Citadel, which houses artifacts and exhibits that trace the history of Aleppo and the Citadel itself.
- Discover the Throne Hall: Visit the Throne Hall, an impressive structure within the Citadel known for its architectural grandeur and historical significance.
- Enjoy Views from the Tower: Climb to the top of the Citadel’s towers for breathtaking views of Aleppo and the surrounding landscapes.
Best Time to Visit
The best time to visit the Citadel of Aleppo is during the spring (March to May) and fall (September to November) when the weather is moderate. Summers can be hot, and winters may bring cooler temperatures.
Cultural Gems
Here are some cultural gems that are considered tourist attractions of Syria:
1. Al-Hamidiyah Souq
Al-Hamidiyah Souq is a historic and vibrant marketplace in the Old City of Damascus, Syria. It was named after Sultan Abdul Hamid II and has been a center of trade and social activity for centuries. The souq provides a rich sensory experience with its small alleys, historic architecture, and a broad selection of stores selling anything from spices and fabrics to souvenirs and handicrafts.
How to Reach
By Road: The Old City of Damascus is accessible by road. Taxis and public transportation are available for travel within the city. Al-Hamidiyah Souq is centrally located within the Old City.
Things to Do
- Shopping: Explore the maze-like alleys and shop for traditional goods, including spices, textiles, jewelry, and souvenirs. Bargaining is a common practice.
- Experience Local Cuisine: Sample local snacks and traditional Syrian dishes from the street vendors and small eateries scattered throughout the souq.
- Visit the Umayyad Mosque: Adjacent to Al-Hamidiyah Souq, the Umayyad Mosque is a must-visit. Explore the mosque and its surroundings for a deeper cultural experience.
- Photography: Capture the souq’s vibrant colors, intricate architecture, and lively atmosphere. The souq’s bustling activity and unique character make it a photographer’s delight.
Best Time to Visit
The best time to visit Al-Hamidiyah Souq is during the day when the market is at its liveliest. Mornings are generally quieter, offering a more relaxed shopping experience. It’s advisable to visit during weekdays to avoid the larger crowds.
2. Latakia
Latakia, also known as Lattakia, is a coastal city located in the western part of Syria along the Mediterranean Sea. It serves as the capital of the Latakia Governorate and is one of the country’s major seaports. Latakia is known for its picturesque landscapes, historical sites, and a relatively mild climate.
How to Reach
By Air: The city of Latakia has an international airport, Bassel Al-Assad International Airport, which connects it to the rest of Syria and the area.
By Road: The city is accessible by road, and buses and taxis are common modes of transportation within and to/from Latakia.
Things to Do
- Explore the Seaside Promenade: Explore the seaside promenade, known as Corniche. It’s a popular spot for both locals and visitors, offering breathtaking views of the Mediterranean.
- Visit Saladin’s Castle: A medieval stronghold perched on a hill above the city. From there, you may get a bird’s-eye perspective of Latakia and its surroundings.
- Relax on the Beaches: Latakia is also famous for its beaches, so spend a relaxing day at Samra Beach or other local beaches.
- Explore Cultural Sites: Visit cultural and historical places such as the Latakia Museum, which displays artifacts and exhibits linked to the region’s past.
Best Time to Visit
The best times to visit Latakia are in the spring (March to May) and fall (September to November), when the weather is moderate and agreeable. Summers might be scorching, but winters are rather pleasant.
3. Maaloula
Nestled among the rugged cliffs of the Qalamoun Mountains, Maaloula is a picturesque town known for preserving ancient traditions and religious heritage. What sets Maaloula apart is its status as one of the last places where Aramaic, the language of Jesus Christ, is still spoken. The town is a mosaic of historical cave dwellings, monasteries, and a captivating blend of Christian and Middle Eastern cultures.
How to Reach
Approximately 56 kilometers northeast of Damascus is the location of Maaloula. Here are ways to reach this historic town:
- By Car: The most convenient option is to hire a taxi or rent a car from Damascus, enjoying scenic views along the mountainous roads.
- Public Transportation: Buses from Damascus to Maaloula are available, providing a more budget-friendly option. However, schedules might be limited.
Things to Do
- Visit Christian Monasteries: Mar Sarkis and Mar Takla: Explore the ancient monasteries carved into the rocky cliffs, showcasing religious artifacts and breathtaking views of the surrounding landscape.
- Witness Ancient Cave Dwellings: Discover the ancient cave dwellings by walking through Maaloula’s narrow streets, gaining insight into the historical lifestyle of its residents.
- Experience Local Culture: Engage with the friendly local community to witness traditional customs and folklore and perhaps even hear the Aramaic language still spoken by some residents.
Best Time to Visit
Maaloula is best visited during the spring (April to June) or fall (September to October). It’s worth noting that Maaloula is a predominantly Christian town, so visiting during religious festivals such as Easter or Christmas provides a unique cultural experience.
4. Tartus
Tartus is a city located on the western coast of Syria, right next to the Mediterranean Sea. It serves as the capital of the Tartus Governorate and is known for its historical significance, bustling markets, and stunning waterfront. Tartus has a long and diverse history that dates back to ancient times and has been shaped by various civilizations, including the Phoenicians, Romans, and Byzantines.
How to Reach
By Road: Tartus is accessible by road, and buses and taxis are common modes of transportation within and to/from the city.
Things to Do
- Visit Arwad Island: Take a boat trip to Arwad Island, just off Tartus’s coast. Explore the ancient ruins, walk through narrow streets, and enjoy the island’s historical charm.
- Explore Tartus Citadel: Visit Tartus Citadel, a historic fortress that has undergone various renovations over the centuries. It offers a glimpse into the city’s past and provides scenic views.
- Relax at Tartus Corniche: Enjoy a leisurely stroll along the Tartus Corniche, a waterfront promenade. It’s a popular spot to relax, take in sea views, and enjoy the coastal atmosphere.
- Discover Old Town Tartus: Explore the narrow streets of the Old Town, where you can find traditional markets, historical buildings, and a local atmosphere.
Best Time to Visit
The best time to visit Tartus is during the spring (March to May) and fall (September to November) when the weather is pleasant. Summers can be hot, and winters are generally mild.
5. Qalaat al-Madiq
Qalaat al-Madiq, also known as Krak des Chevaliers al-Madiq, is a medieval fortress situated in the Hama Governorate of western Syria. While not as famous as the more renowned Krak des Chevaliers, Qalaat al-Madiq holds historical significance and is an interesting site for those fascinated by medieval architecture and history.
How to Reach
By Road: Qalaat al-Madiq is accessible by road. Visitors can travel by car or arrange local transportation to reach the site.
Things to Do
- Explore the Fortress: Wander through the well-preserved fortress, taking in the architectural details and imagining the historical events that unfolded within its walls.
- Admire the Views: Climb to the fortress’s observation points for panoramic views of the surrounding environment, including the Orontes River valley.
- Learn About Its History: Discover the historical context of Qalaat al-Madiq, which has seen various periods of occupation and has played a role in the region’s history.
- Photography: Capture the impressive structures, towers, and views for memorable photographs. The fortress provides a picturesque backdrop.
Best Time to Visit
The finest seasons to visit Qalaat al-Madiq are spring (March to May) and fall (September to November), when the weather is moderate and outdoor exploration is enjoyable. Summers can be very hot, while winters can be very cold.
6. Daraa
Daraa, the capital of the Daraa Governorate, is a city in southwestern Syria that lies near the border with Jordan. With its rich history dating back to ancient times, Daraa boasts archaeological sites such as the ancient Roman Theater. Over the centuries, Daraa has played an important role in various periods of history.
How to Reach
By Road: Daraa is accessible by road, and buses, taxis, and private transportation are common modes of travel within and to/from the city.
Things to Do
- Visit the Ancient Roman Theater: Explore the well-preserved Roman Theater of Daraa, which dates back to the 2nd century AD. The theater provides insights into the architectural achievements of the Roman period.
- Explore the Old City: Wander through the Old City of Daraa, where you can discover traditional markets, historical buildings, and the local way of life.
- Visit the Omari Mosque: Explore the Omari Mosque, one of Daraa’s oldest and most important mosques. The mosque has a long history and a unique architectural style.
- Discover the Archaeological Sites: Visit other archaeological sites, such as the Daraa Citadel and the Church of Saint Theodore, which reflect the city’s diverse history.
Best Time to Visit
The best time to visit Daraa is during spring (March to May) and fall (September to November). Summers can be hot, and winters may bring cooler temperatures.
Natural Beauty
Here are some natural beauty that are considered tourist attractions of Syria:
1. Dead Cities
The Dead Cities of Syria are a collection of ancient settlements that have been abandoned and preserved over centuries. These archaeological wonders, such as Serjilla and Al-Bara, are scattered across the northwestern countryside and provide a captivating glimpse into the region’s rich history and architectural heritage. With their well-preserved ruins, these sites bear witness to the lives of the people who once inhabited them and offer visitors a hauntingly beautiful and unique experience.
How to Reach
By Car:
- The most convenient way to reach the Dead Cities is by hiring a car or a taxi from major cities like Aleppo or Hama.
- Serjilla and Al-Bara are well-connected by roads, allowing for a relatively straightforward journey.
Things to Do
- Historical Exploration: Wander through the narrow stone streets and explore the well-preserved ruins of houses, churches, and public buildings. Marvel at the intricate details of ancient architecture, such as the columns, arches, and mosaics that still endure.
- Photography: Capture the ethereal beauty of the abandoned cities against the backdrop of the Syrian countryside. Sunrise and sunset provide particularly stunning lighting.
- Visit Archaeological Sites: Explore specific archaeological sites within the Dead Cities to understand the historical significance of each location. Serjilla, for example, is known for its preserved baptistery, while Al-Bara boasts a basilica and a unique pyramid-like tomb.
Best Time to Visit
The ideal time to explore the Dead Cities is during the spring (March to May) and fall (September to November) when the weather is mild and pleasant. The landscapes are often adorned with greenery during these seasons, enhancing the overall experience.
2. Hama
Hama is a historic city in western Syria, situated on the banks of the Orontes River. Hama has been a significant cultural and economic center in the region because of its ancient history, unique water wheels, and historical sites.
Historical Water Wheels (Norias): Norias of Hama
The city is famous for its traditional wooden water wheels known as norias, which lift water from the Orontes River. These norias are iconic symbols of Hama and have been used for centuries.
Sites and Activities
- Citadel of Hama: Explore the Citadel of Hama, a historic fortress with a history dating back to Roman times. The citadel provides panoramic views of the city and the surrounding landscape.
- Norias Walk: Take a stroll along the Orontes River and enjoy the sight of the norias. Some norias are still operational, adding a unique charm to the city’s ambiance.
- Azem Palace: Visit the Azem Palace, a historic palace showcasing traditional Damascene architecture. It provides insights into the lifestyle of the Ottoman era.
- Great Mosque of Hama: Explore the Great Mosque of Hama, an ancient mosque with a rich history and architectural significance.
- Hama Museum: Explore the Hama Museum, showcasing the city’s rich history and culture through exhibits and artifacts.
Best Time to Visit
The best time to visit Hama is during spring (March to May) and fall (September to November) due to mild weather for outdoor activities. Summers can be hot, and winters cooler.
Conclusion
Syria has a rich history and culture, attracting adventurous travelers to explore its ancient cities, archaeological sites, and stunning landscapes. From the iconic ruins of Palmyra to the bustling markets of Damascus, Syria tourist attractions offers a fascinating journey through time. Visitors can immerse themselves in the unique blend of history, architecture, and hospitality that characterizes this Middle Eastern nation.
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