Updated April 10, 2023
Introduction to XML Commands
XML means an Extensible markup language. It is used for storing and transporting data. It is a markup language like HTML. XML is mainly used for web development purpose. XML Commands cannot be used for data to display to the end-user, but it is the separation between the data and presentation. XML data can be stored in XML files which has extensions like .xml. As XML separates the data from HTML, it helps you update the content of an HTML page. It mainly encoded in both human and machine-readable format.
Basic XML Commands
The basic XML Commands are as follows.
- XML declaration
<?xml version="1.0">
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>- Element tag: Element names are case-sensitive, and they should start with a letter or underscore. It cannot contain spaces, but they can contain a letter, digits, underscore.
Syntax:
<element></element>Example:
<text></text>- Root tag: It can be only one in an XML document or XML file.
Syntax:
<root> <x> </x> </root>Example:
<Name> <<firstName></firstName> </Name>- Add: Include the node to XML Commands.
Example:
<add afterID=" system"> </add>- Remove: Used for removing a node the specific id from resulting XML.
Example:
<remove node=" system" />- SET: This changes the parent element in the resulting XML
Example:
<set prop1="name" value=" TOM" />- Setattribute: Changes the set of attributes for the parent xml in the resulting XML.
Example:
<setAttributes attr1="name" attr2="value" />- Empty tag: Command is used to show the element which is not having content.
Example:
<hr> </hr> or <hr />- Namespace: This is being used to avoid conflict; start the name using a prefix.
Syntax / example:
<k: table> <k: name> JOHN </k: name> </k: table>
<j: table> <j: name> WRIGHT </j: name> </j: table>- XLink: This is used to create hyperlinks with in XML documents.
Syntax:
<page xmlns: xlink= http://www.ggogle.com"> </page>Advanced XML Commands
The advanced commands are as follows.
- XML DTD: This is the file that has a DOCTYPE declaration in the XML Commands file. It is used for XML to make it well managed and valid for the XML.
Example:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE abc SYSTEM "ABC.dtd">
<abc>
<to>John</to>
<from>TOM</from>
<heading>HI</heading>
<body>Hello, World!</body>
</abc>- XML schema: This XML commands is used as XS in the XML file. It also defines the structure of the XML file or the document. It is valid against the schema to be well-formed and valid.
Example:
<xs:element name="Personal">
<xs:ABC>
<xs:details>
<xs:element name="name" type="xs:string"/>
<xs:element name="location" type="xs:string"/>
<xs:element name="heading" type="xs:string"/>
<xs:element name="body" type="xs:string"/>
</xs:details>
</xs:ABC>
</xs:element>- Xpath: This expression is used to select the root element like /abc, and it selects the other elements based on the tag provided like /abc/1.
- To format the XML document, XSL-FO language is being used; it is the set of language that can transform XML into XHTML, filter, and sort XML data. It helps in displaying the negative number and XML data output in the form of pictures and paper.
The XML file looks like as below:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-*"?>
<?xml-stylesheet type="text/xsl" href="simple.xsl"?>
<Details>
<Personal>
<name>JOHN LUI</name>
<Age>28</price>
<location>USA</calories>
</Personal>
</Details>- XML can be used for programming as well, to parse the XML based on the java programming document object model is used. It also called a DOM compliant parser. There are many other parsers also available for the same.
- XML is also being used with CSS, the same way HTML has been used with CSS. Need to provide the below text in an XML file
<?xml-stylesheet type="text/css" href="cd catalog.css"?>- XML files can be viewed in internet explorer or other browsers as the HTML pages are viewed while browsing.
Tips and Tricks to use XML Commands
- Identify the elements and write in a similar format across all the XML file
- To be price while writing a name for tags as they are case sensitive.
- The syntax should be well managed.
- Always try to use different names; otherwise, conflicts make the XML file unreadable.
- The definition of elements and syntax should be clear.
Conclusion
They are easy to write and use for different application while storing and transporting the data. It is lightweight and mainly used in a configuration file of almost in each tool. It is very easy to learn, and all the things are mainly covered in tags. XML validator is being used to validate the XML to manage the file’s format and output or resulting XML.
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